Monday, September 10, 2012
@ 2:21 AM
Revision on Panorama Historique: Summary
Para 1: The decolonisation of France has reduced it into a Hexagon Shape. From 1946, the French population has increased to about 1.5 times more. At the same time, the electorate has also increased given the lowering of the eligible age from 21 to 18 years old. The number of French speakers has also increased.
Para 2: The population composition has undergone important changes during these 50 years. For example, the refugees from Algeria have introduced their own accents and language habits. The contributions from the foreigners have diversified. France has been a country that welcomes immigrants, because immigration compensates for the demographic weakness. At the end of the war, in order to provide the workforce to rebuild the country, France has welcomed immigrants from Spain, Portugal, etc, until 1974 where the government decided to stop immigration due to the oil shock. The influx of the new job seekers has create administrative political problems. Most of them are concentrated around the peripherals, making it difficult for them to integrate with the society. These nuclei populations results in an increasing dissociation between the written language and the daily oral language.
Para 3: The distribution between the working sectors have changed as well. After the war, about half of the French population worked in the rural areas, and half in the city. At the end of the century, barely a quarter of the population lived anymore in villages and small towns. The farmers often composed the minority groups. In just 50 years, France, from a country which was just able to provide sufficient agricultural products for its own subsistence, has become the second largest exporters of agricultural products.
Para 4: The industrial sector has diminished as well. More and more French citizens have abandoned the tasks requiring manual work to the foreign labour.
Para 5: The tertiary industry has taken in the the workers who left other two sectors, and have expanded considerably. The expansion has resulted in the rise of grand shopping malls at the expense of the small stores.
Para 6: The gender distribution in the active working population has also undergone great changes. The proportion of females in the active population kept increasing. In 1956, they constituted barely a third of the working population, but today, the numbers are about the same as males. This has brought about changes to the nature of employment, even though there remained a gap in the remunerations.
Para 7: The changes in technology are undoubtedly the most obvious. The Industrial reforms by Georges pompidou, the nuclear policies, and the concentration of busineses have allowed France to modernise. France has harnessed nuclear energy to provide 78% of the required electricity.
Para 8: The daily life of the French has also been modified greatly. Their buying power has increased tremendously. After the years of shortages, the buying power from 1949 to 1981 is estimated to have multiplied by 4 times, almost catching up with the United States. At first, the consumption has brought about better conditions and cleaning equipments. Once the basic needs were satisfied, the consumers turn to hobbies, distractions and culture.
Para 9: The importance of work in the daily life has diminished as well. The working hours has reduced from 40 to 39, and then to 35 in 1998. 5 weeks of paid leave was fixed in 1981. Aerial transport has become more commonplace, life expectancy has also become longer. These have caused people to take up travelling and sports as hobbies.
Para 10: The way of living as well as the norms which governs them have changed greatly. Extra-marital affairs have spread considerably.
SLEEPYY..... writing more and more shoddy summaries...
Para 11 and 12: Religious practice in France has diminished as well. Majority of the French are still Christians only if we take into account those who identify themselves but do not actually follow the religious rules.
Para 13 and 14: Compulsory education has been increased from 14 to 16 years. Lifelong learning has also become a right of the salaried and an obligation of employers.
Para 15: The role of media is as important as education. The television has become a principal means of communication. As for the press, the number of readers hardly increased.
Para 16: The government has done everything they could to reduce the inequalities within the society and increase social welfare. One of the measures is the introduction of a minimum income (RMI) for those who stay around the peripherals. This has improved the situations of the old people, who were the main victims of inflation.
Para 17 and 18: The policies have however led to a rise in unemployment, striking especially on the younger population who has no working experience. Unemployment also results in a series of consequences: indebtedness, dislocation of family units, and social fragmentation.
Para 19 and 20: The spread of a language reflects the influence of a country. French language has diminished in importance since the fall of France in 1940. The French population is also too small compared to the rest of the world. However, decolonisation has resulted in French language being the official language of some 20 countries in the United Nations.
Para 21: French has been "contaminated" by English, leading to a Franglish language. A law was passed to forbid the usage of English terms if they exist in French. The French are more attached to the language than money, and it is also the language that unites the country.
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Monday, September 10, 2012
@ 2:21 AM
Revision on Panorama Historique: Summary
Para 1: The decolonisation of France has reduced it into a Hexagon Shape. From 1946, the French population has increased to about 1.5 times more. At the same time, the electorate has also increased given the lowering of the eligible age from 21 to 18 years old. The number of French speakers has also increased.
Para 2: The population composition has undergone important changes during these 50 years. For example, the refugees from Algeria have introduced their own accents and language habits. The contributions from the foreigners have diversified. France has been a country that welcomes immigrants, because immigration compensates for the demographic weakness. At the end of the war, in order to provide the workforce to rebuild the country, France has welcomed immigrants from Spain, Portugal, etc, until 1974 where the government decided to stop immigration due to the oil shock. The influx of the new job seekers has create administrative political problems. Most of them are concentrated around the peripherals, making it difficult for them to integrate with the society. These nuclei populations results in an increasing dissociation between the written language and the daily oral language.
Para 3: The distribution between the working sectors have changed as well. After the war, about half of the French population worked in the rural areas, and half in the city. At the end of the century, barely a quarter of the population lived anymore in villages and small towns. The farmers often composed the minority groups. In just 50 years, France, from a country which was just able to provide sufficient agricultural products for its own subsistence, has become the second largest exporters of agricultural products.
Para 4: The industrial sector has diminished as well. More and more French citizens have abandoned the tasks requiring manual work to the foreign labour.
Para 5: The tertiary industry has taken in the the workers who left other two sectors, and have expanded considerably. The expansion has resulted in the rise of grand shopping malls at the expense of the small stores.
Para 6: The gender distribution in the active working population has also undergone great changes. The proportion of females in the active population kept increasing. In 1956, they constituted barely a third of the working population, but today, the numbers are about the same as males. This has brought about changes to the nature of employment, even though there remained a gap in the remunerations.
Para 7: The changes in technology are undoubtedly the most obvious. The Industrial reforms by Georges pompidou, the nuclear policies, and the concentration of busineses have allowed France to modernise. France has harnessed nuclear energy to provide 78% of the required electricity.
Para 8: The daily life of the French has also been modified greatly. Their buying power has increased tremendously. After the years of shortages, the buying power from 1949 to 1981 is estimated to have multiplied by 4 times, almost catching up with the United States. At first, the consumption has brought about better conditions and cleaning equipments. Once the basic needs were satisfied, the consumers turn to hobbies, distractions and culture.
Para 9: The importance of work in the daily life has diminished as well. The working hours has reduced from 40 to 39, and then to 35 in 1998. 5 weeks of paid leave was fixed in 1981. Aerial transport has become more commonplace, life expectancy has also become longer. These have caused people to take up travelling and sports as hobbies.
Para 10: The way of living as well as the norms which governs them have changed greatly. Extra-marital affairs have spread considerably.
SLEEPYY..... writing more and more shoddy summaries...
Para 11 and 12: Religious practice in France has diminished as well. Majority of the French are still Christians only if we take into account those who identify themselves but do not actually follow the religious rules.
Para 13 and 14: Compulsory education has been increased from 14 to 16 years. Lifelong learning has also become a right of the salaried and an obligation of employers.
Para 15: The role of media is as important as education. The television has become a principal means of communication. As for the press, the number of readers hardly increased.
Para 16: The government has done everything they could to reduce the inequalities within the society and increase social welfare. One of the measures is the introduction of a minimum income (RMI) for those who stay around the peripherals. This has improved the situations of the old people, who were the main victims of inflation.
Para 17 and 18: The policies have however led to a rise in unemployment, striking especially on the younger population who has no working experience. Unemployment also results in a series of consequences: indebtedness, dislocation of family units, and social fragmentation.
Para 19 and 20: The spread of a language reflects the influence of a country. French language has diminished in importance since the fall of France in 1940. The French population is also too small compared to the rest of the world. However, decolonisation has resulted in French language being the official language of some 20 countries in the United Nations.
Para 21: French has been "contaminated" by English, leading to a Franglish language. A law was passed to forbid the usage of English terms if they exist in French. The French are more attached to the language than money, and it is also the language that unites the country.
